“Linux Display study”的版本间的差异 Linux Display study 0

2019年11月11日 (一) 14:52的最后版本

Linux DRM Developer's Guide

The Direct Rendering Manager (DRM) is a subsystem of the Linux kernel responsible for
interfacing with GPUs of modern video cards. DRM exposes an API that user space programs
can use to send commands and data to the GPU, and perform operations such as configuring
the mode setting of the display. DRM was first developed as the kernel space component of
the X Server's Direct Rendering Infrastructure, but since then it has been used by other
graphic stack alternatives such as Wayland.

Ap -> [DRM API] -> libDrm -> [ioctls ]-> DRM driver
libDrm:

vblank event handling, 
memory management,
output management,
framebuffer management,
command submission & fencing,
suspend/resume support,
DMA services. 

DRM driver:
drm_driver structure

u32 driver_features; //use AGP,use GEM mem manager, support KMS interfaces, DRM prime buffer sharing, 
int (*load) (struct drm_device *, unsigned long flags); //driver and device initialization entry point.

Memory management
DRM currently contains two memory managers, the Translation Table Manager (TTM) and the Graphics Execution Manager (GEM).

'GEM'
GEM exposes a set of standard memory-related operations to userspace and a set of helper functions to drivers, and let drivers implement hardware-specific operations with their own private API.

Types of operation:

1. Memory allocation and freeing
2. Command execution
3. Aperture management at command execution time

drm_gem_object_init: will create an shmfs file
drm_gem_private_object_init: create GEM objects with no shmfs backing
drm_gem_object_alloc: to allocate and initialize a struct drm_gem_object instance, if no need to extend with privae info.
drm_gem_object_reference and drm_gem_object_unreference: reference count

communication GEM object between user/kernel space: local handles, global names or,file descriptors.

drm_gem_handle_create: create handle from DRM file and GEM object.
drm_gem_handle_delete: 

cross process communication use Name.

DRM_IOCTL_GEM_FLINK : handle to name called in user space 
DRM_IOCTL_GEM_OPEN: name to handle
drm_gem_prime_handle_to_fd:     Drivers that support GEM file descriptors, also known as the DRM PRIME API
drm_gem_prime_fd_to_handle:handle <-> file descriptor.

GEM Objects Mapping: user space mem 的对应, use mmap system API

void *mmap(void *addr, size_t length, int prot, int flags, int fd, off_t offset);
(1) driver create GEM object associated with a fake offset. call drm_gem_create_mmap_offset. 
(2) AP  使用 mmap (offset) 得到 user space address
drm_gem_mmap

Dumb GEM Objects
提供简单的标准 创建 GEM 物件的API

dumb_create 
dumb_destroy
dumb_map_offset: associates an mmap fake offset with the GEM object given by the handle and returns it.
               //连结handle 代表的物件假的  offset
 

• Frame Buffer

truct drm_framebuffer *(*fb_create)(struct drm_device *dev,
				     struct drm_file *file_priv,
				     struct drm_mode_fb_cmd2 *mode_cmd);
int (*create_handle)(struct drm_framebuffer *fb,
		     struct drm_file *file_priv, unsigned int *handle);
void (*destroy)(struct drm_framebuffer *framebuffer);

• KMS

A KMS device is abstracted and exposed as a set of planes, CRTCs, encoders and connectors.
--CRTC (drm_crtc)
代表一份显示硬体, 包含: fb pointer, display mode, offset. Properties 设定

int (*set_config)(struct drm_mode_set *set);
int (*page_flip)(struct drm_crtc *crtc, struct drm_framebuffer *fb,
                   struct drm_pending_vblank_event *event); //Schedule a page flip to the given 
 
drm_send_vblank_event(dev, pipe, event);
 
void (*set_property)(struct drm_crtc *crtc,
                     struct drm_property *property, uint64_t value);
void (*gamma_set)(struct drm_crtc *crtc, u16 *r, u16 *g, u16 *b,
                        uint32_t start, uint32_t size); //Apply a gamma table to the device. The operation is optional. 
 
void (*destroy)(struct drm_crtc *crtc);

-- plans (drm_plane)
由fb, crtc, crop region生成= layer?
blended with or overlayed on top of a CRTC

-- Encoders (drm_encoder)
color formate convert to display device

-- Connectors (drm_connector)
final destination for pixel data on a device, and usually connects directly to an external display device
connector 一次涟一个 encoder

void (*dpms)(struct drm_connector *connector, int mode); //set power state
int (*fill_modes)(struct drm_connector *connector, uint32_t max_width,
                      uint32_t max_height);//fill all supported modes
enum drm_connector_status (*detect)(struct drm_connector *connector,
                                        bool force);//poll connect status

KMS是 fb, crtc, plane, encoder, connector 这些物件的集合.API 也是以这些物件分类
KMS 可以定制私有的property.

https://blog.csdn.net/yangkuanqaz85988/article/details/48689521
DRM

• Vertical Blanking

做page flip and render
enable/disable vertical blanking interrupt
get_vblank_counter
记录use count 来决定 int是否可关闭 VB

• DRM render nodes:

dev/card<num> //legacy operations 
dev/controlD<num> // KMS control interface, but unsed
dev/DRIVER_RENDER
dev/renderD<num> //If a driver advertises render node support
dev/GEM_OPEN
dev/DRM_RENDER_ALLOW

• VBlank event handling

DRM_IOCTL_WAIT_VBLANK : user space wait vblank
DRM_IOCTL_MODESET_CTL : called before and after mode setting