查看“︁Shanghai Phonetic Alphabet”︁的源代码

<font color=#336699>歪果仁请注意：这是'''[[上海音标]]'''的英文版。
WGR, please note: This is the English version of '''[[上海音标]]'''.</font>


'''S'''hanghai '''P'''honetic '''A'''lphabet, referred to as '''SPA''', is a set of solutions marked Shanghai dialect pinyin from a group of technicians from Zheyu. The city mayor Zhang Haihang, Zhepan University Qin Zhu, and Dai Yatong have tried extensively in various places."Repeated Test Not OK".


== History ==


== Written word ==
Written in the Ge'ez alphabet,In addition, there are regular script fonts with strokes.

== Alphabet ==
===Simplified version===
"Shanghai Phonetic Alphabet" uses the Ge'ez alphabet, a total of 37 basic letters, some of which are only used to spell foreign words.The alphabet is as follows(Including Latin transcription):
ሀ ለ ሐ መ ሠ ረ：h l hh m sz r
ሰ ሸ ቀ ቐ በ ቨ：s sh q qh b v
ተ ቸ ኀ ነ ኘ አ：t c x n ny ∅
ከ ኸ ወ ዐ ዘ ዠ：k kx w ' z zh
የ ደ ዸ ጀ ገ ጘ：y d dd j g gg
ጠ ጨ ጰ ጸ ፀ ፈ ፐ：th ch ph ts tz f p
The corresponding IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) is as follows:
h l ħ m θ r
s ʃ kʰ ɣ b v
t tʃ ɦ n ɲ ʔ
k x w ʕ z ʒ
j d ð dʒ g ŋ
tʰ tʃʰ pʰ tsʰ ts f p

The following seven letters are extended letters, mainly for the convenience of spelling dialects outside Shanghai.The extended alphabet is as follows(Including Latin transcription):
ⶠ  ⶨ  ⶰ ⶸ：ss cc zz cch
(ꬃ ꬋ ꬓ：tth ddh dz)
The corresponding IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) is as follows:
ʂ ʈʂ ʐ ʈʂʰ
ʈ ɖ dz
===Comprehensive Alphabet===
====Consonants====
<font size=3>Basic consonant letters</font>
[[image:上海音标汉写体.jpg|240px|thumb|Shanghai Phonetic Alphabet Chinese character symbol system(Preliminary decision of the 8th meeting)]]
{| class="wikitable" style="width:65%"
!Serial number !!Letter shapes !!Pronunciation !!Chinese character font<ref>The first glyph in the list is a recommended glyph and the rest are non-recommended glyphs,The following table is the same.</ref> !!Romaji<ref>The Unicode Committee's standard for romanization shall apply.</ref> !!Shanghainese example/remarks
|- 
||1 ||ሀ ||/h/ ||凵 ||h ||海 in 上海
|-  
||2 ||ለ ||/l/ ||入 ||l ||路 in 大路
|-
||3 ||ሐ ||/ħ/ ||巾 ||hh ||Similar to h
|-
||4 ||መ ||/m/ ||四/罒 ||m ||美 in 美丽
|-
||5 ||ሠ ||/θ~ɬ/ ||山 ||sz ||Similar to s;The "th" in "three" in English.It is common in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan.
|-
||6 ||ረ ||/r,ɹ/ ||厶 ||r ||Commonly found in Indo-European languages, such as The "r" in "read" in English; similar to r in Mandarin.
|-
||7 ||ሰ ||/s/ ||门/宀/凢 ||s ||斯 in 斯文
|-
||8 ||ሸ ||/ʃ/ ||冇 ||sh ||向 in 方向
|-
||9 ||ቀ ||/kʰ/ ||中 ||q ||框 in 框架
|-
||10 ||ቐ ||/ɣ/ ||申 ||qh ||Similar to x, Is a tilded version of x.
|-
||11 ||በ ||/b/ ||冂 ||b ||皮 in 树皮
|-
||12 ||ቨ ||/v/ ||亢/冗 ||v ||佛 in 佛像
|-
||13 ||ተ ||/t/ ||十 ||t ||多 in 多少
|-
||14 ||ቸ ||/tʃ/ ||干 ||c ||积 in 积分
|-
||15 ||ኀ ||/ɦ/ ||勹 ||x ||渠 in 沟渠
|-
||16 ||ነ ||/n/ ||乙/ㄣ ||n ||努 in 努力
|-
||17 ||ኘ ||/ɲ/ ||丂 ||ny ||研 in 研究
|-
||18 ||አ ||/ʔ/ ||久 ||∅ ||It is generally used at the end of a syllable to indicate a stop syllable.
|-
||19 ||ከ ||/k/ ||刀/ㄉ ||k ||割 in 割草
|-
||20 ||ኸ ||/x/ ||万 ||kx ||Similar to h, Is a tilded version of h.
|-
||21 ||ወ ||/w/ ||田/𫩏(⿴囗丨,U+2BA4F) ||w ||黄 in 黄金
|-
||22 ||ዐ ||/ʕ/ ||口 ||' ||Southern Zhejiang Wu dialect, Taishan Cantonese and Middle Eastern languages all exist. The pharyngeal sound in southern Zhejiang is derived from X.
|-
||23 ||ዘ ||/z/ ||卄/艹 ||z ||事 in 故事
|-
||24 ||ዠ ||/ʒ/ ||䒑 ||zh ||钱 in 钱币
|-
||25 ||የ ||/j/ ||甲 ||y ||药 in 药品
|-
||26 ||ደ ||/d/ ||里 ||d ||但 in 但是
|-
||27 ||ዸ ||/ð~ɮ/ ||彑 ||dd ||Similar to z&d;The "th" in English "this" or "that".
|-
||28 ||ጀ ||/dʒ/ ||互 ||j ||极 in 极限
|-
||29 ||ገ ||/g/ ||司 ||g ||搿 in 搿只<ref>It is used as the demonstrative pronoun "this" in Shanghai dialect.</ref>
|-
||30 ||ጘ ||/ŋ/ ||乃/ㄋ ||gg/ng(韵尾) ||我 in 自我
|-
||31 ||ጠ ||/tʰ/ ||冈/円/ㆬ ||th ||透 in 通透
|-
||32 ||ጨ ||/tʃʰ/ ||爪 ||ch ||溪 in 小溪
|-
||33 ||ጰ ||/pʰ/ ||文/攵/夂 ||ph ||滂 in 滂沱
|-
||34 ||ጸ ||/tsʰ/ ||又 ||ts ||草 in 草原
|-
||35 ||ፀ ||/ts/ ||日 ||tz ||知 in 知识
|-
||36 ||ፈ ||/f/ ||匚/𬼖(⿷匚一,U+2CF16) ||f ||发 in 发展
|-
||37 ||ፐ ||/p/ ||丁/丅 ||p ||波 in 波浪
|}

<font size=3>Extended consonant letters</font>
{| class="wikitable" style="width:65%"
!Serial number !!Letter shapes !!Pronunciation !!Chinese character font !!Romaji !!Example/remarks
|- 
||38 ||ⶠ ||/ʂ/ ||沉 ||ss ||山 in 山顶, Mandarin
|-
||39 ||ⶨ ||/ʈʂ/ ||守 ||cc ||纸 in 纸张, Mandarin
|-
||40 ||ⶰ ||/ʐ/ ||升 ||zz ||人 in 人生, Mandarin
|-
||41 ||ⶸ ||/ʈʂʰ/ ||瓜 ||cch ||迟 in 来迟, Mandarin
|-
||42 ||ꬅ ||/ʈ/ ||向 ||tth ||周 in 周期, Xi'an
|-
||43 ||ꬍ ||/ɖ/ ||身 ||ddh ||"d" in "bord"(desk) in Swedish
|-
||44 ||ꬕ ||/dz/ ||开 ||dz ||查 in 调查, Hangzhou
|-
||45 ||ꬠ ||/ɖʐ/ ||苽/𦬔(⿱艹爪,U+26B14） ||cchh ||"дж" in "джем"(jam) in Russian
|-
||46 ||ꬨ ||/β/ ||艾 ||bb ||胡 in 胡子, Shanghai Songjiang
|}

====Vowels====
{| class="wikitable" style="width:45%"
| Hangul ||ㆍ ||ㅜ ||ㅣ ||ㅏ ||ㅓ ||ㅡ ||ㅗ
|-
| Pronunciation ||ə ||u ||i ||a ||e ||ɨ ||o
|-  
| Romaji ||ee ||u ||i ||a ||e ||ii ||o
|-  
| Bopomofo ||ㄜ ||ㄨ ||ㄧ ||ㄚ ||ㄝ ||ㄭ ||ㄛ
|-
| Chinese character font ||讠/ㄜ ||乄/乂 ||一/丨 ||丫 ||乜 ||帀 ||七/ㄛ
|}
Letter combination: ae=a+e(i), oe=o+e(i), au=a+u, and eu=e+u.

==Evaluation and problems==

== Annotation ==
<references/>

== Links ==
* [[阿斗话|Adou Dialect]]

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