Shanghai Phonetic Alphabet：修订间差异

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第36行： 第36行：
ʈ ɖ dz
ʈ ɖ dz
===Comprehensive Alphabet===
===Comprehensive Alphabet===
<font size=3>Consonants</font>
====Consonants====
<font size=3>Basic consonant letters</font>
[[image:上海音标汉写体.jpg|240px|thumb|Shanghai Phonetic Alphabet Chinese character symbol system(Preliminary decision of the 8th meeting)]]
[[image:上海音标汉写体.jpg|240px|thumb|Shanghai Phonetic Alphabet Chinese character symbol system(Preliminary decision of the 8th meeting)]]
{| class="wikitable" style="width:65%"
{| class="wikitable" style="width:65%"
!Serial number !!Letter shapes !!Pronunciation !!Chinese character font<ref>The first glyph in the list is a recommended glyph and the rest are non-recommended glyphs,The following table is the same.</ref> !!Romaji<ref>The Unicode Committee's standard for romanization shall apply.</ref> !!Shanghainese example;remarks
!Serial number !!Letter shapes !!Pronunciation !!Chinese character font<ref>The first glyph in the list is a recommended glyph and the rest are non-recommended glyphs,The following table is the same.</ref> !!Romaji<ref>The Unicode Committee's standard for romanization shall apply.</ref> !!Shanghainese example/remarks
|-  
|-  
||1 ||ሀ ||/h/ ||凵 ||h ||海 in 上海
||1 ||ሀ ||/h/ ||凵 ||h ||海 in 上海
第51行： 第52行：
||5 ||ሠ ||/θ~ɬ/ ||山 ||sz ||Similar to s;The "th" in "three" in English.It is common in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan.
||5 ||ሠ ||/θ~ɬ/ ||山 ||sz ||Similar to s;The "th" in "three" in English.It is common in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan.
|-
|-
||6 ||ረ ||/r,ɹ/ ||厶 ||r ||Commonly found in Indo-European languages, such as The "r" in "read" in English; similar to R in Mandarin.
||6 ||ረ ||/r,ɹ/ ||厶 ||r ||Commonly found in Indo-European languages, such as The "r" in "read" in English; similar to r in Mandarin.
|-
|-
||7 ||ሰ ||/s/ ||门/宀/凢 ||s ||斯 in 斯文
||7 ||ሰ ||/s/ ||门/宀/凢 ||s ||斯 in 斯文
第101行： 第102行：
||30 ||ጘ ||/ŋ/ ||乃/ㄋ ||gg/ng(韵尾) ||我 in 自我
||30 ||ጘ ||/ŋ/ ||乃/ㄋ ||gg/ng(韵尾) ||我 in 自我
|-
|-
||31 ||ጠ ||/tʰ/ ||冈/ㆬ ||th ||透 in 通透
||31 ||ጠ ||/tʰ/ ||冈/円/ㆬ ||th ||透 in 通透
|-
|-
||32 ||ጨ ||/tʃʰ/ ||爪 ||ch ||溪 in 小溪
||32 ||ጨ ||/tʃʰ/ ||爪 ||ch ||溪 in 小溪
|-
|-
||33 ||ጰ ||/pʰ/ ||攵/夂 ||ph ||滂 in 滂沱
||33 ||ጰ ||/pʰ/ ||文/攵/夂 ||ph ||滂 in 滂沱
|-
|-
||34 ||ጸ ||/tsʰ/ ||又 ||ts ||草 in 草原
||34 ||ጸ ||/tsʰ/ ||又 ||ts ||草 in 草原
第113行： 第114行：
||36 ||ፈ ||/f/ ||匚/𬼖(⿷匚一,U+2CF16) ||f ||发 in 发展
||36 ||ፈ ||/f/ ||匚/𬼖(⿷匚一,U+2CF16) ||f ||发 in 发展
|-
|-
||37 ||ፐ ||/p/ ||丁 ||p ||波 in 波浪
||37 ||ፐ ||/p/ ||丁/丅 ||p ||波 in 波浪
|}
|}


<font size=3>Vowels</font>
<font size=3>Extended consonant letters</font>
{| class="wikitable" style="width:65%"
!Serial number !!Letter shapes !!Pronunciation !!Chinese character font !!Romaji !!Example/remarks
|-
||38 ||ⶠ ||/ʂ/ ||沉 ||ss ||山 in 山顶, Mandarin
|-
||39 ||ⶨ ||/ʈʂ/ ||守 ||cc ||纸 in 纸张, Mandarin
|-
||40 ||ⶰ ||/ʐ/ ||升 ||zz ||人 in 人生, Mandarin
|-
||41 ||ⶸ ||/ʈʂʰ/ ||瓜 ||cch ||迟 in 来迟, Mandarin
|-
||42 ||ꬅ ||/ʈ/ ||向 ||tth ||周 in 周期, Xi'an
|-
||43 ||ꬍ ||/ɖ/ ||身 ||ddh ||"d" in "bord"(desk) in Swedish
|-
||44 ||ꬕ ||/dz/ ||开 ||dz ||查 in 调查, Hangzhou
|-
||45 ||ꬠ ||/ɖʐ/ ||苽/𦬔(⿱艹爪,U+26B14） ||cchh ||"дж" in "джем"(jam) in Russian
|-
||46 ||ꬨ ||/β/ ||艾 ||bb ||胡 in 胡子, Shanghai Songjiang
|}
 
====Vowels====
{| class="wikitable" style="width:45%"
{| class="wikitable" style="width:45%"
| Hangul ||ㆍ ||ㅜ ||ㅣ ||ㅏ ||ㅓ ||ㅡ ||ㅗ
| Hangul ||ㆍ ||ㅜ ||ㅣ ||ㅏ ||ㅓ ||ㅡ ||ㅗ
第128行： 第152行：
| Chinese character font ||讠/ㄜ ||乄/乂 ||一/丨 ||丫 ||乜 ||帀 ||七/ㄛ
| Chinese character font ||讠/ㄜ ||乄/乂 ||一/丨 ||丫 ||乜 ||帀 ||七/ㄛ
|}
|}
oe is considered o+e, au is considered a+u, and eu is considered e+u.
Letter combination: ae=a+e(i), oe=o+e(i), au=a+u, and eu=e+u.
 
==Evaluation and problems==


== Annotation ==
== Annotation ==

2022年5月28日 (六) 15:08的最新版本

歪果仁请注意：这是上海音标的英文版。
WGR, please note: This is the English version of 上海音标.


Shanghai Phonetic Alphabet, referred to as SPA, is a set of solutions marked Shanghai dialect pinyin from a group of technicians from Zheyu. The city mayor Zhang Haihang, Zhepan University Qin Zhu, and Dai Yatong have tried extensively in various places."Repeated Test Not OK".


History

Written word

Written in the Ge'ez alphabet,In addition, there are regular script fonts with strokes.

Alphabet

Simplified version

"Shanghai Phonetic Alphabet" uses the Ge'ez alphabet, a total of 37 basic letters, some of which are only used to spell foreign words.The alphabet is as follows(Including Latin transcription):
ሀ ለ ሐ መ ሠ ረ：h l hh m sz r
ሰ ሸ ቀ ቐ በ ቨ：s sh q qh b v
ተ ቸ ኀ ነ ኘ አ：t c x n ny ∅
ከ ኸ ወ ዐ ዘ ዠ：k kx w ' z zh
የ ደ ዸ ጀ ገ ጘ：y d dd j g gg
ጠ ጨ ጰ ጸ ፀ ፈ ፐ：th ch ph ts tz f p
The corresponding IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) is as follows:
h l ħ m θ r
s ʃ kʰ ɣ b v
t tʃ ɦ n ɲ ʔ
k x w ʕ z ʒ
j d ð dʒ g ŋ
tʰ tʃʰ pʰ tsʰ ts f p

The following seven letters are extended letters, mainly for the convenience of spelling dialects outside Shanghai.The extended alphabet is as follows(Including Latin transcription):
ⶠ  ⶨ  ⶰ ⶸ：ss cc zz cch
(ꬃ ꬋ ꬓ：tth ddh dz)
The corresponding IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) is as follows:
ʂ ʈʂ ʐ ʈʂʰ
ʈ ɖ dz

Comprehensive Alphabet

Consonants

Basic consonant letters

Shanghai Phonetic Alphabet Chinese character symbol system(Preliminary decision of the 8th meeting)
Serial number Letter shapes Pronunciation Chinese character font[1] Romaji[2] Shanghainese example/remarks
1 ሀ /h/ 凵 h 海 in 上海
2 ለ /l/ 入 l 路 in 大路
3 ሐ /ħ/ 巾 hh Similar to h
4 መ /m/ 四/罒 m 美 in 美丽
5 ሠ /θ~ɬ/ 山 sz Similar to s;The "th" in "three" in English.It is common in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan.
6 ረ /r,ɹ/ 厶 r Commonly found in Indo-European languages, such as The "r" in "read" in English; similar to r in Mandarin.
7 ሰ /s/ 门/宀/凢 s 斯 in 斯文
8 ሸ /ʃ/ 冇 sh 向 in 方向
9 ቀ /kʰ/ 中 q 框 in 框架
10 ቐ /ɣ/ 申 qh Similar to x, Is a tilded version of x.
11 በ /b/ 冂 b 皮 in 树皮
12 ቨ /v/ 亢/冗 v 佛 in 佛像
13 ተ /t/ 十 t 多 in 多少
14 ቸ /tʃ/ 干 c 积 in 积分
15 ኀ /ɦ/ 勹 x 渠 in 沟渠
16 ነ /n/ 乙/ㄣ n 努 in 努力
17 ኘ /ɲ/ 丂 ny 研 in 研究
18 አ /ʔ/ 久 ∅ It is generally used at the end of a syllable to indicate a stop syllable.
19 ከ /k/ 刀/ㄉ k 割 in 割草
20 ኸ /x/ 万 kx Similar to h, Is a tilded version of h.
21 ወ /w/ 田/𫩏(⿴囗丨,U+2BA4F) w 黄 in 黄金
22 ዐ /ʕ/ 口 ' Southern Zhejiang Wu dialect, Taishan Cantonese and Middle Eastern languages all exist. The pharyngeal sound in southern Zhejiang is derived from X.
23 ዘ /z/ 卄/艹 z 事 in 故事
24 ዠ /ʒ/ 䒑 zh 钱 in 钱币
25 የ /j/ 甲 y 药 in 药品
26 ደ /d/ 里 d 但 in 但是
27 ዸ /ð~ɮ/ 彑 dd Similar to z&d;The "th" in English "this" or "that".
28 ጀ /dʒ/ 互 j 极 in 极限
29 ገ /g/ 司 g 搿 in 搿只[3]
30 ጘ /ŋ/ 乃/ㄋ gg/ng(韵尾) 我 in 自我
31 ጠ /tʰ/ 冈/円/ㆬ th 透 in 通透
32 ጨ /tʃʰ/ 爪 ch 溪 in 小溪
33 ጰ /pʰ/ 文/攵/夂 ph 滂 in 滂沱
34 ጸ /tsʰ/ 又 ts 草 in 草原
35 ፀ /ts/ 日 tz 知 in 知识
36 ፈ /f/ 匚/𬼖(⿷匚一,U+2CF16) f 发 in 发展
37 ፐ /p/ 丁/丅 p 波 in 波浪

Extended consonant letters

Serial number Letter shapes Pronunciation Chinese character font Romaji Example/remarks
38 ⶠ /ʂ/ 沉 ss 山 in 山顶, Mandarin
39 ⶨ /ʈʂ/ 守 cc 纸 in 纸张, Mandarin
40 ⶰ /ʐ/ 升 zz 人 in 人生, Mandarin
41 ⶸ /ʈʂʰ/ 瓜 cch 迟 in 来迟, Mandarin
42 ꬅ /ʈ/ 向 tth 周 in 周期, Xi'an
43 ꬍ /ɖ/ 身 ddh "d" in "bord"(desk) in Swedish
44 ꬕ /dz/ 开 dz 查 in 调查, Hangzhou
45 ꬠ /ɖʐ/ 苽/𦬔(⿱艹爪,U+26B14） cchh "дж" in "джем"(jam) in Russian
46 ꬨ /β/ 艾 bb 胡 in 胡子, Shanghai Songjiang

Vowels

Hangul ㆍ ㅜ ㅣ ㅏ ㅓ ㅡ ㅗ
Pronunciation ə u i a e ɨ o
Romaji ee u i a e ii o
Bopomofo ㄜ ㄨ ㄧ ㄚ ㄝ ㄭ ㄛ
Chinese character font 讠/ㄜ 乄/乂 一/丨 丫 乜 帀 七/ㄛ

Letter combination: ae=a+e(i), oe=o+e(i), au=a+u, and eu=e+u.

Evaluation and problems

Annotation

  1. ↑ The first glyph in the list is a recommended glyph and the rest are non-recommended glyphs,The following table is the same.
  2. ↑ The Unicode Committee's standard for romanization shall apply.
  3. ↑ It is used as the demonstrative pronoun "this" in Shanghai dialect.
检索自“https://www.mywiki.cn/普安城里绘画人/index.php?title=Shanghai_Phonetic_Alphabet&oldid=89969”